Journal of Food and Agricultural Technology Research
type: channel
description: The "Journal of Food and Agricultural Technology Research" is a scholarly publication focused on advancing knowledge in food science and agricultural technology. It covers various topics including food processing, preservation, quality control, agricultural technology, and sustainable practices. The journal publishes original research articles, reviews, and technical notes contributed by experts and researchers from around the world. Its primary aim is to disseminate cutting-edge research findings and promote innovation in food and agricultural technology. By addressing contemporary challenges such as food security, nutrition, and environmental sustainability, the journal is a valuable resource for professionals, academics, and policymakers in the food and agriculture sectors.
publisher: Global Press
language: en
publication name: Journal of Food and Agricultural Technology Research
issn: 3007-0945
items: Cadmium and lead retention efficiency in the leaves of ten local tree species in Faisalabad
items: Analyzing Bilateral Trade in Major Crops Between Pakistan and China: Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities
items: Climate-Smart Agriculture for Water Conservation and Improving Cotton Productivity: Evidence from Bahawalpur, Pakistan
items: Modelling the crop water and irrigation requirements using CROPWAT model: a case study in arid and semi-arid regions of Pakistan
items: Nutritional Strategies for Type 2 Diabetes: A Comprehensive Review on Current Evidence and Future Perspectives
items: REASONS FOR SLOW ADOPTION OF MECHANICAL TRANSPLANTING OF RICE IN PUNJAB
items: Physicochemical Properties and Organoleptic Assessment of Goat Milk Cheese
items: Genetic Variability in High Yielding Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Lines
items: Exploration and Genome-wide Profiling of the Arabinogalactan Protein Gene Family Across the Chickpea Genome (Cicer arietinum)
items: Unraveling the Nexus of Chemokine (c-c motif) Ligand 5 and Chemokine (c-c motif) Ligand 2 Genetic Variants of Myocardial Infarction in Population of Southern Punjab, Pakistan
items: Advances in the Encapsulation and Delivery of Food Functional Factors: Micro- and Nano-Delivery Carrier Platforms in Bio-manufacturing
items: A Novel Concept Study on key factors affecting student performance using Machine Learning Algorithms.
items: BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF Alternaria citri CAUSING BLACK ROT OF CITRUS IN PAKISTAN
items: Impact of ginger and aleo vera on total phenolic content and quality parameters of noncarbonated drink during storage
items: AMMI, BLUP, and WAASB Stability Models for the Selection of Stable Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes in Different Agroecological Regions of Pakistan
items: Enhancing Beetroot Jam with Stevia: Antioxidant Properties and Quality Assessment during storage
items: Study on Quality Attributes of Mint Extract in Combination with Animal and Vegetable Fat in Ice-Cream
items: Comparative Efficacy of Insecticides Against Bemacia Tabaci and Thrips Tabaci on Cotton Crop
items: Safety Evaluation of Ziziphus Mauritiana Extract for its Utilization in Bread from Cholistan Desert, Pakistan
items: Wheat Yield Under Climate Change: Effect of Temperature and Wind Speed on the Crop Life Cycle and Productivity Estimated by DSSAT-Icsim Model
items: Enhanced Wheat Yield: Fulvic Acid Application's Impact on Yield Factors under Heat Stress
items: Improving the Biochemical and Physiological Wheat Processes by Foliar Application of Fulvic Acid Under Natural and Heat Stress Conditions
items: Exploring the Potential of Carrot Pomace in Oat Cakes; Physiochemical and Sensory Evaluation
items: Examining the Concentration of Agricultural Land in Vietnam: Trends, Implications, and Solutions
items: Leveraging Nature's Arsenal, Biopesticidal Warriors: Randomising Melon Fruit Fly (Bacrocera Cucurbitae) In Bitter Gourd Culture, For Sustainable Control
items: Serial Dilution of Bifenthrin against Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Curculionidae; Coleoptera)
items: In Vitro Efficacy Evaluation of Agrochemical Fungicides in the Mitigation of Colletotrichum Capsici Infection
items: Perception of Peri-Urban Vegetable Growers on the Use of Sewage Water for Irrigation Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
items: Beyond Lethality: Exploring Sublethal Effects of Pesticides on Insect Behavior and Their Ecological Ramifications: A Review Analysis
items: Climatic Variability's Influence on Cereal Harvests in Punjab, Pakistan: A Comprehensive Analysis and Mitigation Strategies

Cadmium and lead retention efficiency in the leaves of ten local tree species in Faisalabad
type: item
description: Pollution has major negative impact on human health. The discharge of gaseous volatile organic and inorganic contaminants from industries, factories, motor cars, aero planes, and ships causes a persistent decline in air quality, accomplished with outbreak of several disease and even mortality. This study estimated the concentration of Cd and Pd concentration in leaves in district Faisalabad which is the 3rd largest city of Pakistan and industrial zone. In the industrial city of Faisalabad, excessive traffic on the highways and industrial trash are seriously polluting the environment. Study revealed clear spatial and species-specific variations in Pb and Cd accumulation, with urban sites showing the highest concentrations, followed by suburban and rural areas, due to intense anthropogenic activities. Among species, Syzygium cumini and Alstonia scholaris demonstrated the greatest potential for Pb and Cd accumulation. The observed differences strongly reflect the influence of site-specific pollution load and leaf morphological traits on particulate retention.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cd and Pb filtration
  topic: keywords
subject: trees
  topic: keywords
subject: Faisalabad
  topic: keywords
creator: fahad rasheed
creator: Asif Iqbal
creator: Shazia Afzal
creator: Muhammad Hafeez ul Haq
creator: Muhammad Husnain Khan
creator: Muhammad Talha Bin Yousaf
creator: Tanveer Hussain Khan
creator: Muhammad Azeem Sabir
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Food and Agricultural Technology Research
date: 2025-09-29
publication date: 2025-09-29
starting page: 91
ending page: 97
doi: 10.69501/561g3104

Analyzing Bilateral Trade in Major Crops Between Pakistan and China: Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities
type: item
description: The dynamics of bilateral crop trade between Pakistan and China are investigated for regions such as Rawalpindi and Islamabad in this research. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods approach was engaged, which incorporated quantitative data collection methods and qualitative approaches. Questionnaires with structured questions were distributed among 120 agricultural traders to collect quantitative data. Focus group interviews were conducted to gather qualitatively relevant information about barriers and opportunities in trade. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used in the analysis of the quantitative data, which shows that trade volume increased by 15% in the last five years, while wheat, rice, and cotton are the crops most traded. Qualitative findings highlighted key challenges such as logistical inefficiencies and tariff barriers and opportunities for the expansion of trade through improved infrastructure and policy reforms. The results highlight the growth potential of Pakistan-China agricultural trade and provide actionable insights for policymakers and stakeholders. This study contributes to the discourse on bilateral agricultural cooperation and offers recommendations for strengthening the economic partnership between the two countries. Practical application: Assists in formulating policies to enhance agricultural trade. Provides actionable insights for improving farm infrastructure. Identifies market opportunities for Pakistani crops in China.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: trade dynamics,
  topic: keywords
subject: economic partnership.
  topic: keywords
subject: wheat, rice, cotton,
  topic: keywords
creator: Umair Ali
creator: Asif Wali
creator: Hasan Zeb
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-08-01
publication date: 2025-08-01
starting page: 52
ending page: 69
doi: 10.69501/rdvx1a37

Climate-Smart Agriculture for Water Conservation and Improving Cotton Productivity: Evidence from Bahawalpur, Pakistan
type: item
description: The vast use of conventional farming practices remains one of the major reasons for low crop production in underdeveloped countries, like Pakistan. Crop yield and water saving can be increased through adoption of climate-smart agricultural practices (CSPSs) like, laser land level, raised bed planting and tensiometer based irrigation system. To investigate the potential of CSAPs, a field study was conducted at Basti Jameel Abad, District Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan during cotton growing season of 2024. The trial is comprised of four treatments, viz., T1 (conventional farming practices), T2 (laser land level), T3 (laser land level + raised bed planting) and T4 (laser land level + raised bed planting + tensiometer based irrigation). Cotton variety “IUB-18” was sown. Raised bed planting with tensiometer based irrigation system (T4) yields highest crop yield (1677.3 kg/ha) and water saving (42.72%) as compared to conventional farming practices. The T4 treatment also gives the highest benefit cost ratio (BCR) of 1.79 as compared to the 1.48 BCR of conventional farming practices (T1). In terms of cotton production and water saving, raised bed planting with tensiometer based irrigation system outdid every other treatment. Therefore, considering these findings, cotton growers should use raised bed planting with a tensiometer based irrigation system to obtain high yield, efficient water use and sustainable cotton production.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: water conservation
  topic: keywords
subject: Bahawalpur
  topic: keywords
subject: Pakistan
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Uqba Bin Ubaid Butt
creator: Muhammad Abeer Hayat
creator: Asad Ullah Imran
creator: Muhammad Masood Akhtar Khan
creator: Muhammad Irfan
creator: Gulraiz Khalid
creator: Hadeed Ashraf
creator: Aftab Khaliq
creator: Mahmood Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Food and Agricultural Technology Research
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 50
ending page: 66
doi: 10.69501/3xce9t39

Modelling the crop water and irrigation requirements using CROPWAT model: a case study in arid and semi-arid regions of Pakistan
type: item
description: Water is a key factor in global food security, which is critical to agriculture. Dwindling water resources and increasing food demands require greater efficiency in water use, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. Regulated deficit irrigation provides a means of reducing water consumption while minimizing adverse effects on yield. Models can play a useful role in developing practical recommendations for optimizing crop production under water-scarce conditions. Therefore, the current study was conducted to estimate crop water requirements (CWRs), net irrigation requirements (NIRs), and effective rainfall (Peff) for wheat crop in arid (Bahawalpur) and semi-arid regions (Faisalabad) of Pakistan. Precipitation and temperature data predictions are derived from four pre-validated Coupled Model of the Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) of Global Climate Models (GCMs), namely i) MIROC5, ii) IPSL-CM5A_MR, iii) NorESM1-M and iv) CCSM4. Model data, including the geo-coordinates of the area, temperatures, relative humidity, solar radiation/sunshine hours, crop evapotranspiration and soil data, have been used as input to CROPWAT for simulation of CWR, NIR and Peff in a historical period (1986-2005) and four consecutive future time series (2020-2039, 2040-2059, 2060-2079 and 2080-2099). The results showed that during the wheat growing season, CWR and NIR continued to increase. By the end of the 21st century, the CWR in semi-arid and arid areas of representative concentrated pathways (RCPs 4.5 and 8.5) increased by 3.01-6.86% and 2.46-5.64%, respectively. By 2099, under RCPs 4.5 and 8.5, the NIR in semi-arid and arid areas will increase by 5.49-10% and 2.41-5.86%, respectively. In the semi-arid and arid areas, the average seasonal Peff will be reduced by 9.79% (RCP 4.5), 10.07% (RCP 8.5), 2.81% (RCP 4.5), and 3.16% (RCP 8.5), respectively. Therefore, semi-arid areas will be more affected than arid areas, and changes in climatic conditions will threaten the agricultural …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Effective rainfall
  topic: keywords
subject: Global climate models (GCMs), Net irrigation requirements
  topic: keywords
creator: Aftab Ahmad Khan
creator: Muhammad Arif Goheer
creator: Ijaz Muhamad
creator: Nuzba Shaheen
creator: Muhammad Adnan
creator: Sadam Hussain
creator: Fazeela Nawaz
creator: Muhammad Jan
creator: Fahad Rasheed
creator: Hafiz Muhammad Furqan Shaheen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Food and Agricultural Technology Research
starting page: 19
ending page: 32
doi: 10.69501/8xr02r74

Nutritional Strategies for Type 2 Diabetes: A Comprehensive Review on Current Evidence and Future Perspectives
type: item
description: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a major public health concern characterized by lingering hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance and impaired pancreatic β-cell function. The effective prevention and management strategies emphasize nutritional interventions. This review examines evidence-based dietary approaches, including low-carbohydrate, Mediterranean, plant-based, and calorie-restricted diets, highlighting their impact on glycemic control, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic health. Additionally, the role of personalized nutrition tailoring diets based on genetic, metabolic, and gut microbiota profiles is explored. Functional foods and bioactive compounds are also discussed for their potential in modulating glucose metabolism. Future directions emphasize integrating precision nutrition with lifestyle modifications to develop sustainable strategies for diabetes prevention and management, ultimately improving the quality of life for individuals with or at risk of diabetes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: iftikhar Younis Mallhi
creator: Muhammad Khizar Umair
creator: Muhammad Abdullah Norani
creator: Shahzaib
creator: Muhammad Uzair Ali
creator: Saleha Hameed
creator: Muhammad Jawad Iqbal
creator: Shafqat Rasool
creator: Sadia Naeem
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Food and Agricultural Technology Research
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 18
doi: 10.69501/sfz09b76

REASONS FOR SLOW ADOPTION OF MECHANICAL TRANSPLANTING OF RICE IN PUNJAB
type: item
description: The study was conducted in two districts of Punjab, namely Sheikhupura and Okara, representing core and non-core rice sowing areas, to find out the reasons for the slow adoption of Mechanical Transplanters. A total of 84 farmers, 64 farmers (equivalent to 76.19%) from Sheikhupura district, and 20 farmers (equivalent to 23.80%) from Okara, were interviewed. The interviewed farmers were small (16.67%), medium (21.43%) and large (61.90%) farmers respectively. Amongst the interviewed farmers, 78.75% were adopters, whereas the remaining 21.42% were non-adopters. Amongst the adopters, 72.7% were large farmers having an average area of more than 25 acres, followed by small (18.2%) and medium farmers (9.1%). Amongst adopters, 54.5% were owner cum tenants followed by owners (39.4%) and remaining 6.1% as tenants meaning that Mechanical Transplanting is he technology for large farmers whether they are owners or owner cum tenants. Almost 88% of the MTR adopters had their tractors, whereas 94% had their tube wells as a source of irrigation, meaning resourceful farmers were adopting this technology. There is a significant difference in 1000 grain weight of different varieties falling in the category of fine, coarse and hybrid varieties but in field no distinction is being kept by the service providers as they are using on an average 10kg seed (100 trays per acre/100 gm seed per tray) for all varieties. Five most common reasons of slow adoption of mechanical transplanters by rice growers are i) lack of expertise on the part of machine operators (95.2%) ii) high mortality rate of seedlings (92.9%) iii) high seed rate in mechanical transplanting (85.7%) iv) non-availability of mechanical transplanters in the area (85.7%) v) Mechanical transplanting is not suitable for small holder farming. Almost 61% of the adopters reported increased yields with Mechanical Transplanting as compared to manual transplanting of rice.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: wardah qamar
creator: Muhammad Younas
creator: Usman Hassan
creator: Hafiz Abdul Rehman
creator: Ata Ullah
creator: Moazzam Nagra
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Food and Agricultural Technology Research
date: 2025-08-01
publication date: 2025-08-01
starting page: 70
ending page: 90
doi: 10.69501/9m278h81

Physicochemical Properties and Organoleptic Assessment of Goat Milk Cheese
type: item
description: Goat milk cheese is highly valued for its nutritional profile, offering high protein, vitamins, minerals, and superior digestibility compared to cow milk cheese. This study examines the effects of varying boiling temperatures on the physicochemical and sensory properties of goat milk cheese over a 28-day storage period. Initial pH levels varied across treatments (T0, T1, T2, T3, T4) and declined steadily from 6.34 (day 1) to 5.66 (day 28), indicating acidification. Total solids increased from 41.67% to 42.95%, reflecting compositional changes during storage. Acidity levels ranged from 0.66% to 0.81%, highlighting the dynamic nature of cheese acidity. Color parameters shifted, with L* values (lightness) decreasing from 41.38 to 35.36, indicating darkening, while a* (redness) and b* (yellowness) values increased, signifying enhanced redness and yellowness. Protein content declined from 12.58% to 11.07%, and fat content decreased from 13.28% to 12.19%. Ash content showed slight fluctuations, increasing overall from 3.25% to 3.86%. Sensory evaluations revealed changes in aroma, taste, and flavor, leading to a gradual decline in overall acceptability over time. This study highlights the critical impact of temperature and storage conditions on goat milk cheese quality. While certain attributes fluctuated during storage, others showed consistent trends, underscoring the dynamic nature of cheese properties. These findings offer valuable insights for cheese manufacturers to optimize production processes and cater to consumer preferences in the evolving dairy market.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Color analysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad `Yousaf
creator: Sadaf Shakoor
creator: Syed Qamar Abbas
creator: Muhammad Tuseef Asghar
creator: Sadia Younis
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Food and Agricultural Technology Research
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 33
ending page: 49
doi: 10.69501/1gva3k85

Genetic Variability in High Yielding Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Lines
type: item
description: Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is considered the most valuable crop because of its high consumption in both developed and developing countries. Due to climatic and agronomic factors, there has been a gradual decrease in tomato production and quality in the world including Pakistan. In this research, an experiment was conducted at the research farm of MNS-UAM. Thirty tomato genotypes were sown under Randomize Complete Block Design with three replications and five plants per replication. The genotypes were planted in nursery trays in October 2023 and after one month, tomato seedlings were transferred to the field. The data were recorded for germination percentage (%), plant height(cm), stem pubescence, number of branches per plant, days to flowering(days), days to fruiting(days), fruit length(cm), fruit diameter (cm), fruit weight(g), number of fruits per plant, fruit yield per plant. The collected data was subjected to analysis of variance, correlation, and biplot analysis. There was a significant difference among all genotypes regarding all traits. Correlation analysis showed positive and negative associations among genotypes. The biplot analysis showed that LY06, LY48, CW04, CW06, and Naqeeb have the highest yield related to all other genotypes and are selected as high-yielding genotypes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Tomato
  topic: keywords
subject: Genetic
  topic: keywords
subject: Correlation
  topic: keywords
subject: Yield, Biplot,
  topic: keywords
creator: Hamid Ishtiaq
creator: Tanveer Ahmad
creator: Syeda Anum Masood Bokhari
creator: Muhammad Abu Bakr Saddique
creator: Saad Farid Usmani
creator: Muhammad Tariq
creator: Arslan Tufail
creator: Muhammad Junaid Bashir
creator: Abid Mahmood Alvi
creator: Muhammad Tahir Akram
creator: Mudassar Naseer
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-12-30
publication date: 2024-12-30
starting page: 57
ending page: 65
doi: 10.69501/tnzmjc38

Exploration and Genome-wide Profiling of the Arabinogalactan Protein Gene Family Across the Chickpea Genome (Cicer arietinum)
type: item
description: Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is agriculturally vital due to its nutrition and economic value. Grasping its growth mechanisms is key to better yields. Chimeric Arabinogalactan Proteins (AGPs), glycoproteins in plant cells' matrix, have a protein core wrapped in carbohydrates. These distinct AGPs are crucial for plant physiology, affecting cellular processes like division, differentiation, and expansion, and aiding pollen tube growth. Beyond their core role, AGPs have biotech and agriculture potential, improving yields and stress resistance by affecting cellular functions. Understanding AGPs' plant role could revolutionize productivity and sustainability amid changing environments. Using bioinformatics tools, we successfully identified 69 chickpea genes, encompassing 27 CaXYLP, 19 CaFLA, and 23 CaELA genes. Each gene exhibited distinct conserved domains characteristic of its respective gene family. To ensure naming consistency, we re-designated the CaXYLP, CaFLA, and CaELA genes based on their genuine orthologs in rice and Arabidopsis. Interestingly, most of these genes shared common cis-regulatory elements, responding to factors such as abscisic acid, auxin, salicylic acid, jasmonic acid, drought, and light. Our gene duplication analysis uncovered that all identified paralogous genes originated from segmental duplications (SD). Conversely, Phytocyanin-like AGPs exhibited maximum expression during seed, embryo, and various flower development stages. Lastly, Fasciclin-like AGPs reached their zenith expression in seeds and root hairs. These analyses collectively emphasize the pivotal role of chimeric AGPs in augmenting crop productivity and bolstering stress resilience, while also revealing novel regulatory mechanisms in plant growth and development.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: AGPs (arabinogalactan proteins)
  topic: keywords
subject: synteny analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: chickpea
  topic: keywords
subject: gene structure
  topic: keywords
subject: phylogenetics
  topic: keywords
creator: Laiba Naeem
creator: Syed Bilal Bilal Hussain
creator: Muhammad Zubair
creator: Ghulam Yasin
creator: Matoor Mohsin Gilani
creator: Muhammad Shoaib
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-12-30
publication date: 2024-12-30
starting page: 32
ending page: 56
doi: 10.69501/zwjgce70

Unraveling the Nexus of Chemokine (c-c motif) Ligand 5 and Chemokine (c-c motif) Ligand 2 Genetic Variants of Myocardial Infarction in Population of Southern Punjab, Pakistan
type: item
description: (CVDs). Chemokine-mediated peripheral leukocyte recruitment is critical in cardiovascular disease pathogenesis. It has been shown that CC chemokines ligand 2 and ligand 5 (CCL2 and CCL5) are becoming more prevalent inflammatory biomarkers of atherosclerotic myocardial Infarction (MI). The aim was to examine the potential link among the risk and polymorphisms of CCL2 -927 G>C (rs3760396) and CCL5 -403 G>A (rs2107538) and of (MI). In 2024, 139 Southern Punjab population participated in this case-control study, comprising 100 (MI) patients and 39 healthy controls. Using the Tetra-ARMS PCR technique, the CCL2 -927 G>C and CCL5 -403 G>A polymorphisms were genotyped. Though numerous chemokines are promising target in the patients with (MI), clinical implementation of chemokine therapeutics is hindered by the effects of both damage and repair. Results indicated that both CCL2 G>C and CCL5 G>A polymorphisms were significantly linked with the danger of (MI) (P<0.05) under different race, age group, smoking habits and hypertension.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Chemokines ligand 2 (CCL2)
  topic: keywords
subject: ligand 5 (CCL5)
  topic: keywords
subject: Myocardial Infarction (MI)
  topic: keywords
subject: Polymorphism
  topic: keywords
creator: Hira Baig
creator: Syed Bilal Hussain
creator: Muhammad Zubair
creator: Matoor Mohsin Gilani
creator: Murad Muhammad
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-12-30
publication date: 2024-12-30
starting page: 20
ending page: 31
doi: 10.69501/vbj7vf76

Advances in the Encapsulation and Delivery of Food Functional Factors: Micro- and Nano-Delivery Carrier Platforms in Bio-manufacturing
type: item
description: The encapsulation and delivery of food functional factors represent a transformative and groundbreaking innovation in food science, enabling the protection, stabilization, and controlled release of sensitive bioactive compounds. This review comprehensively explores advanced micro- and nano-delivery carrier platforms, including Pickering emulsions, micro-emulsions, microcapsules, and nanoparticles, which offer enhanced stability, improve bioavailability, and highly targeted delivery of nutrients and other bioactive substances. By addressing significant challenges such as the instability, degradation and low bioavailability of bioactive compounds, as well as the need for efficient, scalable, and versatile carrier designs, these technologies integrate seamlessly with sustainable bio-manufacturing processes. Applications in functional foods dietary supplements and nutraceutical demonstrate their vast potential to enhance consumer health outcomes and streamline food production systems with greater efficiency. Future research efforts must prioritize scaling these innovative technologies, ensuring regulatory compliance, and developing highly adaptable, multifunctional delivery systems to meet the rapidly growing demand for functional food and wellness solutions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
creator: Sadia Younis
creator: Muhammad Yousaf
creator: Ayesha Nazir
creator: Yasmeen Bano
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Food and Agricultural Technology Research
date: 2025-09-29
publication date: 2025-09-29
starting page: 1
ending page: 25
doi: 10.69501/epgwv312

A Novel Concept Study on key factors affecting student performance using Machine Learning Algorithms.
type: item
description: This study examines the correlation between critical aspects, including study hours, sleep hours, attendance rate, dietary habits, and extracurricular contribution, and their impact on assessment performance through various machine learning algorithms. Five models were examined to forecast student performance: Linear Regression (LR), Decision Tree (DT), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and XGBoost. Data was generated for over 300 students, with each feature exerting a direct or indirect impact on the assessment performance. Each model has been developed on a training dataset and tested on a distinct test set to measure performance. The evaluation employed two principal metrics: Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and R-squared (R²). The XGBoost model exhibited optimal performance, evidenced by the lowest RMSE and maximum R², signifying its capacity to explain intricate relationships within the data. The Random Forest and Decision Tree models demonstrated favourable outcomes, with the Random Forest exhibiting greater resilience to overfitting compared to the Decision Tree. The SVM model, while successful, exhibited reduced efficiency owing to the non-linear correlations present in the data. Although interpretable, the Linear Regression model exhibited fewer errors than the alternative models. The study also examined learning curves, feature significance, and residual analysis to understand the model's strengths and limitations better. Scatterplots and histograms were employed to evaluate model performance and discern important features. The results indicate that XGBoost is a very efficient tool for performance forecasting, particularly in educational datasets characterised by numerous factors. This study evaluates machine learning models and illustrates how real-world variables influencing student performance can potentially be efficiently analysed using complex algorithms, offering useful insights for educational stakeholders seeking to enhance student o…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Decision Tree
  topic: keywords
subject: Random Forest
  topic: keywords
subject: Support Vector Machine
  topic: keywords
subject: XGBoost
  topic: keywords
subject: Root Mean Squared Error
  topic: keywords
subject: R-squared
  topic: keywords
creator: Farhan Ali
creator: Zahra Imran
creator: Asif Ali
creator: Muhammad Ahmed
creator: Azhar Iqbal
creator: Amir Nazeer
creator: Atta-u Rahman
creator: Miriana Mariussi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Food and Agricultural Technology Research
date: 2025-08-01
publication date: 2025-08-01
starting page: 38
ending page: 51
doi: 10.69501/v2zefq61

BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF Alternaria citri CAUSING BLACK ROT OF CITRUS IN PAKISTAN
type: item
description: Citrus is a valuable fruit crop consumed mainly as fresh fruit or juice, known for its nutritional and health benefits due to its content of phytochemicals, ascorbic acid, limonoids, carotenoids, vitamin B complex, and related nutrients. However, citrus production suffers significant losses due to various diseases, with Alternaria citri causing severe damage through brown leaf spot, which deteriorates the fruit's quality. An experiment was conducted to develop a management strategy against Alternaria citri. Samples were collected from the field and analyzed in the lab. Pathogen isolation was done using the poisoned food technique, and different vitamins and plant extracts were assessed for their effectiveness against pathogen growth. Cloves showed the most significant inhibition of fungal growth, followed by mint, cinnamon, neem, and ginger. In a field experiment, thiamine treatment resulted in the lowest disease incidence, followed by pyridoxine and niacin. Environmental factors such as temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, and wind speed were recorded during the growth period. The data showed that relative humidity, temperature, and wind speed were positively correlated with disease incidence, while rainfall had a negative correlation. The experiment was conducted under Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), and statistical analysis confirmed the efficacy of vitamins and plant extracts against Alternaria citri.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Alternaria citri
  topic: keywords
subject: Environmental factors
  topic: keywords
subject: Thiamine
  topic: keywords
subject: Pyridoxine
  topic: keywords
creator: Adnan Kashif
creator: Luqman Amrao
creator: Sajid Aleem khan
creator: Matoor Mohsin Gilani
creator: Fahad Rasheed
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Journal of Food and Agricultural Technology Research
date: 2024-12-30
publication date: 2024-12-30
starting page: 82
ending page: 92
doi: 10.69501/e34q7h66

Impact of ginger and aleo vera on total phenolic content and quality parameters of noncarbonated drink during storage
type: item
description: This research aimed to investigate the impact of storage period on total phenolic content (TPC), ascorbic acid and nutritional values of functional noncarbonated drink. Drink was prepared with the utilization of herbal plants (ginger, aleo vera) with different concentration and stored at 4°C and 25°C for 90 days. Findings of current study showed presence of aleo vera significantly preserved TPC and lead to increase in all beverage treatments on both storage condition, however X4 possessed the highest values of 3.7 and 3.65 mg GAE/g at 4°C and 25°C respectively. The storage period also increases total sugar contents and acidity. Comparing all treatments significant increment found in X4 with high aleo vera concentration. Total sugar and acidity were 5.677 % and 0.456% in X4 respectively. Ascorbic acid content tends to decline from 22.22 % to 17.64 % with 15 days of interval at room temperature with the passage of storage time. Current research will provide the platform of herbal ingredients role in beverages profile and impact on health disorders.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Aleo vera
  topic: keywords
subject: Functional beverage
  topic: keywords
subject: Ascorbic acid
  topic: keywords
subject: Total phenolic content
  topic: keywords
creator: ukasha Arqam
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Food and Agricultural Technology Research
date: 2025-05-30
publication date: 2025-05-30
starting page: 26
ending page: 37
doi: 10.69501/dwtj8884

AMMI, BLUP, and WAASB Stability Models for the Selection of Stable Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes in Different Agroecological Regions of Pakistan
type: item
description: The genotype×environment interaction effect is challenging in identifying stable genotypes across multiple environments. Present study was performed to check stability and adaptability of 16 chickpea genotypes in 10 different agro-ecological regions of Pakistan. Further, the importance of stability models such as additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analysis, best linear unbiased prediction, and Weighted average of absolute scores from singular value decomposition of BLUPs was assessed to identify stable genotypes. AMMI ANOVA showed that main effects of genotype, environment along with GEI were significant and first two principal components explained about 64.2% of GEI variance. LMM-BLUP found that 98.8% phenotypic variance was due to GEI variance. G1 with low PC1 score in AMMI biplot analysis was identified as the most stable and high yielding genotype. Cross-validation carried out for AMMI9 and BLUP found BLUP as the most accurate model for present data. Graphical display using BLUP based predicted grain yield ranked genotypes regarding stability and adaptability. However, Y× WAAS graphs were more useful as they categorized genotypes and environments into clear cut groups based on their productivity and stability. We concluded that AMMI, BLUP, and WAASB methods could be used to select stable and well adapted genotypes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Multi Environment Testing, genotype-environment interaction, AMMI, BLUP, WAASB
  topic: keywords
creator: Waheed Arshad
creator: Saba ALEEM
creator: Muhammad Imran Khan
creator: Muhammad Saqib
creator: Muhammad Zeeshan
creator: Muhammad Usman Mohsin
creator: Ayesha Malik
creator: Iram Sharif
creator: Abia Younas
creator: Fahid Ihsan
creator: Muhammad Tauseef
creator: Javaria Ashiq
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Food and Agricultural Technology Research
date: 2024-12-30
publication date: 2024-12-30
starting page: 66
ending page: 81
doi: 10.69501/bq32pr23

Enhancing Beetroot Jam with Stevia: Antioxidant Properties and Quality Assessment during storage
type: item
description: Beta vulgaris L., generally known as beetroot, is a nutrient-rich vegetable with medicinal characteristics, making it an excellent prospect for value-added products such as jam. This study aimed to develop a low-calorie beetroot jam utilizing natural sweetener i.e., stevia to enhance its appeal as a health and dietary conscious. Over the course of 21 days, the jam's physico-chemical qualities (moisture, ash, pH, acidity, and total soluble solids), microbial analysis (total plate count), antioxidant capacity (DPPH and total phenolic content), and organoleptic qualities (color, taste, aroma, appearance, flavor, and overall acceptability) were assessed. The jam was kept in pre-sterilized glass jars. Results showed a remarkable reduction in moisture content (32.06% to 29.46%), ash content (0.89% to 0.83%), and pH (3.39 to 3.30), while total soluble solids and acidity increased from 66.85°B to 67.46°B and 0.75 to 0.83 respectively during storage. In addition, there was a notable improvement in DPPH (84.87% to 88.28%). Total phenolic content also increased (34.60 mg GAE/g to 38.90 mg GAE/g), with increasing concentration of stevia. Statistics verified that, physicochemical and sensorial properties of the low-calorie beetroot jam were considerably affected by keeping intervals (p<0.05). This study emphasizes beetroot's potential for developing low-calorie value-added products like jam.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Beetroot, Stevia, Low-calorie jam, DPPH, total phenolic content
  topic: keywords
creator: Umair Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Food and Agricultural Technology Research
date: 2024-12-30
publication date: 2024-12-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 19
doi: 10.69501/zn15z927

Study on Quality Attributes of Mint Extract in Combination with Animal and Vegetable Fat in Ice-Cream
type: item
description: Mint ice cream is a sweet frozen food made with milk and cream and has a pleasant mint flavor. The mixture of ice cream comprises milk, fat, milk solids, not fat (MSNF), mint extract, sugar, and stabilizers. The present study was designed to prepare nutritionally active ice cream with mint extract. The main focus of this research is the comparative studies of animal and vegetable fat separately and at 50:50 respectively in ice cream. Mint extract concentration remained at a constant level of 7.5%. The physiochemical analysis, textural analysis, and sensory aspects were improved and satisfied. For all combinations, physiochemical analysis including fat, total solid contents, and pH resulted in statistically non-significant. Protein and moisture contents were resulted as statistically highly significant. Textural analysis including overrun and meltdown time for all combinations also resulted in significant. The non-significant effect was found on sensory attributes including flavor, color, texture, taste, and overall acceptability. The combination of animal fat with mint extract was observed to better fat, protein, and overall acceptability. Results from all the combination studies exhibited that the combination of animal fat is effective in improving the structural, textural, physicochemical, and sensory properties of ice cream.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ice cream, Mint Extract, Flavor, Animal and Vegetable Fat
  topic: keywords
creator: Maryam Syed
creator: Masood Sadiq Butt
creator: Ukasha Arqam
creator: Ayesha Syed
creator: Muhammad Sajid Manzoor
rights: Copyright (c) 2022
date: 2022-12-30
publication date: 2022-12-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 16
doi: 10.69501/dq4c7951

Comparative Efficacy of Insecticides Against Bemacia Tabaci and Thrips Tabaci on Cotton Crop
type: item
description: Cotton is known as ‘‘The King of Fibers’’ and the natural fiber of the world. This current research was carried out to check the toxicity of endosulfan and imidacloprid against sucking insects like thrips and whitefly. The research was performed in district Sheikhupura in 2023. For thrips and white fly, the data were recorded before 24 hours of spray, and then data were collected at 24, 48 and 72 hours and after that with a two-week duration until October. 25 plants were selected and from every plant 1 leaf from lower, middle and upper leaves were chosen, at different heights. In August spraying was performed when the economic threshold level (ETL) was reached. Results exhibited that the best toxicity was recorded in imidacloprid compared to endosulfan against whitefly and thrip population control. Hence, it was concluded that whitefly and thrips caused a huge amount of crop loss in cotton so, managed it timely by spraying the insecticides with suitable time intervals for better yield of cotton.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Cotton, Whitefly, Thrips, Yield and Populations
  topic: keywords
creator: Ateeqa Ateeqa Gulzar
creator: Muhammad Ashfaq
creator: Muhammad Ahsan Khan
creator: Shouket Zaman Khan
creator: Muhammad Rizwan Ashraf
creator: Noshin Tariq
creator: Faiqa Shafi
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-10-01
publication date: 2024-10-01
starting page: 47
ending page: 61
doi: 10.69501/nme4ck24

Safety Evaluation of Ziziphus Mauritiana Extract for its Utilization in Bread from Cholistan Desert, Pakistan
type: item
description: Considering health risk potential of various chemical additives in food, a study was conducted to evaluate the safety assessment potential of Z. mauritiana extract to be used in the bread manufacturing process. Mature and fresh leaves were subjected to drying at 60oC for ethanol extraction. Various dosages of extract were provided to experimental rats for safety assessment. Blood samples were evaluated based on different parameters; liver working tests, kidney function tests, lipid profile, cardiac enzymes and serum proteins. Results explicated the non-remarkable influence of concentration on different characteristics of blood. ALT concentrations express the non-momentous and variable influence of concentrate. The plant is recommended for sustainable utilization and consumption in the food and pharmaceutical industry.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Ziziphus mauritiana, Safety Evaluation, Liver, Kidney functions, Food
  topic: keywords
creator: Tanveer Ahmad
creator: Muhammad Madnee
creator: Zulfiqar Ahmad
creator: Muhammad Abid
creator: Muhammad Ammar Khan
creator: Nugraha Akbar Nurrochmat
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-10-01
publication date: 2024-10-01
starting page: 48
ending page: 58
doi: 10.69501/jgjmr487

Wheat Yield Under Climate Change: Effect of Temperature and Wind Speed on the Crop Life Cycle and Productivity Estimated by DSSAT-Icsim Model
type: item
description: Changing climatic conditions are the leading cause affecting the yield of grain crops, particularly in arid areas. In this study, we investigated the response of wheat yield under changing climatic variables using the DSSAT-ICSim model. The effect of different temperatures and wind speeds on obtained yield and the wheat life cycle in the arid region of Chakwal was also estimated. In this study, we used ECMWF dataset from 1979 to 2005 along with different variables such as 2 m temperature, total precipitation, solar radiation, and u-v winds. Our findings revealed that climatic factors, such as temperature and wind speed, negatively affected wheat phenology and yield in arid regions. This indicates that arid regions are more prone to extreme temperatures and changing wind speeds. Moreover, high-temperature ranges and increasing wind intensity in arid areas contributed negatively to overall wheat performance. In conclusion, arid areas are more susceptible to extreme temperatures and high wind speeds in the future. Thus, measures should be taken to produce wheat cultivars with high tolerance to temperature extremes and wind intensity.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Wheat; Yield; Models; DSSAT-ICSim model; Arid region
  topic: keywords
creator: Wang Jinjin
creator: Sahar Niazi
creator: Tasbiha Saeed
creator: Maliha Naz
creator: Sadam Hussain
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-10-01
publication date: 2024-10-01
starting page: 37
ending page: 47
doi: 10.69501/a8bxs979

Enhanced Wheat Yield: Fulvic Acid Application's Impact on Yield Factors under Heat Stress
type: item
description: Terminal thermal stress, occurring under various climatic conditions, significantly reduces wheat yield by disrupting fertilization and grain filling processes. Biostimulants offer a potential solution to mitigate the impact of terminal heat stress on wheat crops. This research aims to alleviate the effect of heat stress on wheat through the application of fulvic acid. The wheat crop was subjected to elevated temperature stress during the booting and grain initiation stages under field conditions, with heat stress at staggered intervals in the main plot. Fulvic acid was applied at different concentrations (water spray, 1.25 mg L-1, 2.50 mg L-1, and 3.75 mg L-1) in field and heat stress conditions upon booting (H1) and grain initiation (H2) stage. Results revealed that heat stress H1 and H2 stages significantly decreased the spike length (22.59% & 21.45%), spikelets per spike (14.35% & 6.66%), grains per spike (27.9% & 20.23%), grain weight per spike (40.24% & 32.54%), test weight (17.84% and 15.69%), biological (41.19% & 32.61%) and straw yield (31.20% & 19.16%), and harvest index (9.8% & 8.31%) as compared to control (H0). The impact was more pronounced during the booting stage compared to the grain filling stage. Application of fulvic acid at concentrations of 3.75 mg L-1 during heat stress at the booting stage and 2.50 mg L-1 upon heat stress at grain initiating stages substantially enhanced the recorded parameters compared to the foliar application of water and 1.25 mg L-1 fulvic acid. These findings revealed that foliar application of fulvic acid promotes thermotolerance in wheat, positively influencing yield and yield-contributing factors during heat stress.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Wheat, Fulvic Acid, Yield components, Triticum aestivum
  topic: keywords
creator: Siraj Ahmed
creator: Muhammad Younas
creator: Muhammad Asif
creator: Muhammad Saqib
creator: Muhammad Farrukh Saleem
creator: Haroon Zaman Khan
creator: Muhammad Sarwar
creator: Muhammad Shahid
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2023-12-30
publication date: 2023-12-30
starting page: 145
ending page: 157
doi: 10.69501/4qr91c93

Improving the Biochemical and Physiological Wheat Processes by Foliar Application of Fulvic Acid Under Natural and Heat Stress Conditions
type: item
description: Terminal heat stress under varying climatic conditions induces a significant reduction in yield by impacting the fertilization and grain filling. The use of biostimulants would be useful to boost terminal heat stress in the wheat crop. The research attempts to modulate the effect of heat stress on wheat by foliar application of fulvic acid. The wheat crop was exposed to high-temperature stress (3-5°C higher than ambient temperature) during booting and grain initiation under field conditions by staggering heat stress in the main plot. Various amounts of fulvic acid, i.e. water spray, 1,25, 2,50 and 3,75 mg L-1, were added under natural and heat stress conditions at booting and grain initiation stages of wheat crop. Heat stress during booting and grain filling phases significantly reduced chlorophyll a activity up to 32.58% and 25.44%, Chl b activity up to 31.48% and 20.37%, grain filling duration up to 42.43% and 20.81% and grain yield up to 45.47% and 36.79% but improved antioxidants viz Superoxide dismutase activity up to 31.74% and 22.29%, Total soluble protein activity up to 6.63% and 11.77%, Catalase activity up to 114.73% and 55.03%, Peroxidase activity up to 63.61% and 39.39%. The impact at the booting stage was more pronounced than at the grain-filling stage. Application of fulvic acid @ 3.75 mg L-1 and 2.50 mg L-1 during heat stress during booting and grain filling processes greatly increased chlorophyll, antioxidants, and grain yield relative to water spray and 1.25 mg L-1 fulvic acid. The results suggest that foliar application of fulvic acid during heat stress induces thermotolerance in wheat positively impacting the physiology and biochemical processes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biostimulants, Growth, Thermotolerance, Triticum aestivum, Yield
  topic: keywords
creator: Siraj Ahmed
creator: Muhammad Farrukh Saleem
creator: Haroon Zaman Khan
creator: Muhammad Anwar-ul haq
creator: Muhammad Asif
creator: Junaid Ali
creator: Muhammad Shahid
creator: Sumair Zahid
creator: Umair Nisar
creator: Arslan Afzal
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-10-01
publication date: 2024-10-01
starting page: 73
ending page: 90
doi: 10.69501/fqcez998

Exploring the Potential of Carrot Pomace in Oat Cakes; Physiochemical and Sensory Evaluation
type: item
description: Carrot pomace, a rich source of vitamins, antioxidants, and minerals, is often underutilized due to its high moisture content. Oat, a cereal grain, is high in protein, fiber, and minerals, it offers health benefits like hypocholesterolemia and anti-cancerous properties. Carrot pomace is a popular ingredient in various foods, including cakes and oat-based food products are popular due to their nutritional value. This paper focuses on the development of oat-carrot pomace (OCP) cakes, which are gluten-free products. The study investigates the proximate (including ash and moisture), polyphenolic content (TPC), and antioxidant values (DPPH). The treatment plan involves varying amounts of pomace powder in combination with oats flour to create different cake formulations. The moisture test results reveal that the moisture content of the samples ranged from 15.8% to 22.7%, this moisture may affect their stability and quality. Comparing these results with industry guidelines, it is evident that the moisture content exceeds the permissible limit for similar materials. It emphasizes the need for proper handling and storage conditions to minimize moisture absorption. The ash test results demonstrate that the ash content of the samples ranged from 5.33% to 5.82%, indicating minimal inorganic impurities, which is favorable for their potential applications. The Total Phenolic Content (TPC) values showed that with the increase in concentration of carrot pomace from 5 to 15%, the TPC value increased in the range of (423.24-528.70 md/100g GAE). The DPPH test results indicate the antioxidant activity value of the samples decreased with the increasing concentration of carrot pomace and the values ranged from 18.34 to 15.11). Conclusively, Carrot pomace can be added to oat cakes to improve the end product's nutritional profile and sensory qualities, which will support the food industry's commitment to sustainability.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Carrot pomace, Oat cakes, Gluten-free, Underutilized, Sensory attributes, Nutritional profile, Sustainability.
  topic: keywords
creator: Fatima Tariq
creator: Omaima Maryam
creator: Muhammad Sajid Manzoor
creator: Ukasha Arqam
creator: Ayesha Murtaza
creator: Muhammad Sheharyar
creator: Muhammad Hamad
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-10-01
publication date: 2024-10-01
starting page: 21
ending page: 36
doi: 10.69501/7ajnae20

Examining the Concentration of Agricultural Land in Vietnam: Trends, Implications, and Solutions
type: item
description: The concentration of agricultural land refers to expanding the area of agricultural land to structure production through the following methods: exchange, lease of land use rights, or cooperation as land use rights. In recent years, Vietnam has made many efforts to implement the concentration of agricultural land, and it continues to be emphasized in Resolution No 19-NQ/TW (2022). Almost all current studies have described the current status, but they have not comprehensively evaluated and updated the advantages, difficulties, and causes of implementing agricultural land accumulation in Vietnam. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the achievements, difficulties, and obstacles, and thereby propose solutions to promote the concentration of agricultural land by some methods namely: empirical study, data analysis, and expert investigation. The concentration of agricultural land is thought to be a useful way to reduce land fragmentation, advance large-scale concentrated agriculture, and enhance land use efficiency in Vietnam, however, it is facing difficulties and obstacles such as capital shortage, limitations of policy and law, and outdated infrastructure. To encourage the concentration of agricultural land, it is required to simultaneously execute solutions as follows: complete policies, and laws to encourage households, individuals, businesses, and cooperatives to concentrate agricultural land; plan out and carry out focused production zones and specialized farming areas; Ensure capital sources to implement the concentration of agricultural land; ensure sufficient human resources to carry out the concentration of agricultural land; complete rural infrastructure.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Agricultural Land, Concentration, Obstacle, Solution, Vietnam
  topic: keywords
creator: Phan Thi Thanh Huyen
creator: Ngo Thi Ha
creator: Truong Thu Loan
creator: Nguyen Thi Hue
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-10-01
publication date: 2024-10-01
starting page: 1
ending page: 20
doi: 10.69501/sdh30v74

Leveraging Nature's Arsenal, Biopesticidal Warriors: Randomising Melon Fruit Fly (Bacrocera Cucurbitae) In Bitter Gourd Culture, For Sustainable Control
type: item
description: Bitter gourd cultivation in agriculture is seriously threatened by the melon fruit fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae), which can result in considerable financial losses and environmental issues. The adverse effects of chemical pesticides, such as environmental pollution, harm to non-target organisms, and the development of insecticide resistance, have long been significant drawbacks of conventional pest management approaches. Consequently, there has been a growing interest in exploring alternative, sustainable methods of pest control in recent years. This article focuses on using biopestidal warriors as a practical and environmentally benign method of controlling B. cucurbitae in the cultivation of bitter gourds. We investigated several biopestal agents, including as botanical extracts and microbial biocontrol agents, to minimize the B. cucurbitae infestations. The results show that treatment with Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and Neem (Azadirachta indica) extracts dramatically reduced fruit fly infection levels to 13.62% and 15.88%, respectively, compared to a 70.32% infestation rate in control plots. These findings highlight the potential of botanical extracts as efficient biopesticides in sustainable agriculture methods. We also stress the significance of integrated pest management (IPM) techniques, which combine a variety of biopesticides with cultural norms to control B. cucurbitae in an efficient and long-lasting manner. To mitigate melon fruit fly damage in the cultivation of bitter gourds while promoting environmental sustainability, this study emphasizes the necessity for more research and development of biopesticidal warriors.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Microbial extracts, Botanical extracts, Biopesticides, Momordica charantia, Bitter gourd, Sustainable agriculture
  topic: keywords
creator: Romana Naveed
creator: Gul Shafae
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2023-12-30
publication date: 2023-12-30
starting page: 158
ending page: 168
doi: 10.69501/a3abwv70

Serial Dilution of Bifenthrin against Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (Curculionidae; Coleoptera)
type: item
description: The red palm weevil is a very destructive pest that poses a significant threat to palm weevil trees worldwide larvae of the weevil make holes up to 1 meter in plants and the host is killed which causes a great reduction in economy every year. If control is delayed the possibility to destroy of whole orchard of dates by weevil. Nowadays many chemicals are used to control the red palm weevil which is less effective and ecologically not good long residual effect excessive of chemical affect the quality and quantity of dates. We use the serial dilution of bifenthrin to control the red palm weevil. In this case, the concentration of bifenthrin is high to low which is ecologically friendly, and less residual effect of the concentration affects the mortality of red palm weevil. The serial was applied to date palm weevil and the mortality rate was recorded after a specific period the laboratory demography of bifenthrin killed 80 % population of weevil. The purpose of the study is to control the date palm weevil by an efficient method and this research paper aims to investigate the result of serial dilution of bifenthrin to control the date palm weevil with less residual effect. Our research recommends that the field use the serial dilution of bifenthrin to control the weevil with friendly ecology and provide the strength to bifenthrin to kill the date palm weevil with less residual effect.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Palm Weevil, Bifenthrin, Demography, Population and Friendly Ecology
  topic: keywords
creator: Azmat Ali
creator: Muhammad Ashfaq
creator: Muhammad Ahsan Khan
creator: Shouket Zaman Khan
creator: Muhammad Rizwan Ashraf
creator: Sharjeel Akhtar
creator: Muhammad Adil
creator: Abdullah Khan
creator: Gul Shafae
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2023-12-30
publication date: 2023-12-30
starting page: 136
ending page: 144
doi: 10.69501/yaf4kc49

In Vitro Efficacy Evaluation of Agrochemical Fungicides in the Mitigation of Colletotrichum Capsici Infection
type: item
description: Chili, (Capsicum annuum) a highly sought-after spice, holds the third position in global popularity following tomatoes and potatoes. It is a member of the Solanaceae family and boasts extensive cultivation worldwide. However, the cultivation of chili faces formidable challenges, primarily stemming from diseases that afflict this crop. Bacterial, fungal, and viral infections constitute significant threats, leading to substantial reductions in crop yield. Notable among these are pre-harvest fungal diseases, such as anthracnose, cercospora leaf spot, charcoal rot, choanephora blight (wet rot), and viral conditions like leaf curl and mosaic virus. Anthracnose, triggered by Colletotrichum capsici, is particularly devastating, accounting for approximately 50% of chili crop losses. It manifests as sunken necrotic tissues with distinctive concentric rings of acervuli, often appearing moist. These symptoms render chili fruits less marketable, thereby diminishing overall profitability for farmers. Anthracnose further impairs seed germination and plant vigor as it can spread through seeds and the atmosphere. To combat this detrimental disease, several fungicides, including Carbendazim, Antracole, Aliette, Acrobet, and Dithane M 45, have undergone evaluation. Among these, Carbendazim has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in inhibiting the growth of Colletotrichum capsici colonies. In summary, successful chili cultivation necessitates meticulous management and robust disease control measures. Farmers must remain vigilant in identifying and addressing the array of diseases that pose a threat to this vital vegetable crop. This abstract underscores the issues faced, outlines the methodology employed, and presents findings crucial for the chili cultivation industry.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Chili, Carbendazim, Control measures, Vegetable
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohsin Iqbal
creator: Dilawar Hussain
creator: Muhammad Yousaf Javed
creator: Faiz Ellahi
creator: Muhammad Asim
creator: Muhammad Adeel
creator: Muhammad Basit
creator: Muhammad Afroz
creator: Muhammad Baqir
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2023-12-30
publication date: 2023-12-30
starting page: 128
ending page: 135
doi: 10.69501/0vk41476

Perception of Peri-Urban Vegetable Growers on the Use of Sewage Water for Irrigation Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
type: item
description: We found the perception of vegetable growers regarding the usage of sewerage water to meet irrigation applications. The study was quantitative in nature. It was conducted in peri-urban areas of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. A sample of 360 vegetable growers (180 registered vegetable growers and 180 non-registered vegetable growers) were interviewed. Data were analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Two parts were created from the results that were received. The demographic characteristics were listed in the first section. The respondents' perceptions of how sewage water is used and its negative impacts are covered in the second section. The age, education, land size, and sources of income of vegetable growers were determined using descriptive statistical analysis. To achieve the study's goal, the respondents were ranked based on mean value and score. According to the results, only 14.4% of registered growers and 17.2% of non-registered growers, respectively, were between the ages of 61 and 70. Compared to non-registered gardeners, registered vegetable growers have better knowledge. The study concluded with recommendations for furthering training needs assessments of vegetable growers and convincing them to disregard the idea that sewage water usage is appropriate for irrigation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sewerage water, Training needs assessment, Descriptive Statistics
  topic: keywords
creator: Shafiq ur Rehman Zia
creator: Ijaz Ashraf
creator: Gulfam Hasan
creator: Salman Asghar
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2023-12-30
publication date: 2023-12-30
starting page: 119
ending page: 127
doi: 10.69501/262vpa93

Beyond Lethality: Exploring Sublethal Effects of Pesticides on Insect Behavior and Their Ecological Ramifications: A Review Analysis
type: item
description: Pesticides are widely used in modern agriculture to increase their yield, which has sparked worries about how they may affect insect biodiversity and ecosystem services. To thoroughly evaluate the impacts of pesticides on insect populations and the broader implications for ecosystem functioning, this review article reviews the body of available literature. The review emphasizes the effects of pesticides on insect biodiversity, both directly and indirectly, including alterations in population dynamics, genetic diversity, and species composition. It also looks at how beneficial insects like pollinators, predators, and parasitoids are affected, as well as how important those insects are for pollination and pest control in the natural world. The review also covers the trophic cascades, changes in community makeup, and disturbances in ecosystem processes that result from pesticide use. In addition, the evolution of pesticide resistance in insects is highlighted, highlighting the difficulties in developing pest management solutions. The need for policy and regulation to ensure sustainable pest control practices is also emphasized, along with alternative and mitigation techniques including integrated pest management and eco-friendly alternatives. This review, which synthesizes current knowledge, sheds light on the intricate relationships between pesticides, insect biodiversity, and ecosystem services and emphasizes the need for balanced strategies that limit damage to beneficial insects while preserving agricultural productivity and the environment.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Biodiversity, Pollinators, Ecosystem services, Predators, Parasitoids
  topic: keywords
creator: Gul Shafae
creator: Muhammad Ali
creator: Romana Naveed
creator: Fatima Qadar
creator: Adnan Kashif
creator: Muhammad Amir Javed
creator: Muhammad Junaid Afzal
creator: Hussnain Safdar
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2023-12-30
publication date: 2023-12-30
starting page: 105
ending page: 118
doi: 10.69501/wt7yaj25

Climatic Variability's Influence on Cereal Harvests in Punjab, Pakistan: A Comprehensive Analysis and Mitigation Strategies
type: item
description: Climate change is a global phenomenon characterized by significant shifts in temperature, precipitation, wind patterns, and other climatic features. It poses a severe threat to various economic sectors worldwide, with agriculture being particularly vulnerable due to its heavy reliance on climate conditions. Pakistan, as an agricultural-driven economy, is profoundly impacted by the dramatic shifts in its climate, leading to substantial disruptions in agricultural production and exacerbating the issue of food insecurity. Cereal crops, including wheat, rice, and maize, play a pivotal role in providing sustenance to the global population and hold particular importance in Pakistan as a staple of the diet. However, the production of these essential cereal crops in Pakistan has been adversely affected by both the profound changes in climate conditions and a range of other contributing factors. The primary objective of this study was to comprehensively examine the influences of climatic and non-climatic factors on cereal crop production in the Punjab region of Pakistan. The variables under scrutiny included the labor force, fertilizer application, temperature variations, precipitation levels, and humidity levels. To achieve this aim, we employed secondary data spanning from 1990 to 2019, sourced from various reliable outlets such as the Pakistan Economic Survey, Punjab Development Statistics, Pakistan Agricultural Statistics, and the Pakistan Meteorological Department. To assess both short-term and long-term effects, we utilized the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model to analyze the interplay between climatic and non-climatic factors and their impact on cereal crop production.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Climate change, Climate variability, ARDL, Climatic and non-climatic factors, Pakistan
  topic: keywords
creator: Malik Amir Ali
creator: Yousaf Raza Shah
creator: Solaiman Din
creator: Muhammad Saqib
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2023-07-30
publication date: 2023-07-30
starting page: 92
ending page: 104
doi: 10.69501/8a6kv925